Mushrooms belong to a special kingdom of living nature - the kingdom of Mushrooms, which has more than 100,000 species, and according to the estimates of a number of mycologists and possibly 250,000. Most of them live and multiply on land. Not all of them are suitable for human consumption. Edible mushrooms of the Bryansk region are harvested throughout the season - early spring, before the onset of stable cold weather in November.
Mushrooms in the Bryansk region
General characteristics
Most of the mushroom species in this region grow on a variety of soil substrates. They are involved in the formation of humus and the decomposition of organic matter (mineralization) in the soil. Depending on the species, the processes of the formation of symbiotic relationships occur next to various representatives of tree species, for example, larch or conifers. The zone of mycorrhizal formation is individual.
The general qualitative characteristic is the presence of vitamins, trace elements and other useful substances in the structure of these forest organisms, which well complement the human food basket.
All forest mushrooms are divided according to the degree of edibility and flavoring categories. Depending on the presence of toxic substances, the degree of edibility is of 4 categories (types):
- Category 1: edible;
- Category 2: conditionally edible;
- Category 3: inedible;
- 4 category: poisonous.
According to their taste, mushrooms are also divided into 4 categories:
The most delicious mushrooms belong to categories 1 and 2.
Category 1 includes mushrooms with excellent taste. It includes russula, champignons, white and milk mushrooms. Mushrooms of this flavor category can be eaten without heat treatment.
Butterlets, mushrooms, polish and chanterelles belong to 2 flavors... These types make delicious soups, aperitifs and snacks.
The next group is Category 3, consists of less tasty aromatic mushrooms (mushrooms, morels, honey agarics, etc.), cooks prefer to cook pates and salads from them. They are considered to be of average taste.
Representatives 4 flavors, the aroma is barely perceptible and cooking requires, in addition to adding spices, which will give the dish a more pleasant and piquant taste, also careful preliminary processing. This category includes basically all conditionally edible species.
Edible mushrooms
The Bryansk mushroom picker begins to collect edible species from early spring, when the air temperature warms up to 15 ° C and the soil still stores the moisture of melted snow and the first spring rains. The season ends in early November, with the onset of stable cold weather.
Spring group
The very first mushrooms appear:
- orange petsica;
- auricularia;
- kalotsibe may;
- morels;
- lines;
- thyroid discina, etc.
Auricularia are real mushrooms with unique properties. They contain many useful substances that are so necessary for the human body. The appearance of the fruiting body resembles a human ear, the color ranges from olive and yellow to almost black.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Auricularia auricular, or muer tree mushroom, according to the type of food is:
- a parasitic organism, in case it settles on weakened trees;
- saprotroph, if the fungus chooses an already dead tree for its development.
Auricularia is useful in a number of diseases (hypertension, anemia, diabetes, obesity, etc.). It can act on the human body as a light antibiotic for infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. During the research, the ability of the fungus to anticoagulation was revealed, comparable to the action of heparin.
For your information. Anticoagulation is a decrease in blood clotting when using certain medications. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting, discovered in 1916.
Whole families of Bryansk residents collect these mushrooms from elder, oak, maple or alder.
By the end of May, raincoats, russules and waves appear. Raincoat hats grow quickly, literally before our eyes.
Summer group
Butterlets delight mushroom pickers and the end of summer
In June, the first berries and the first summer species appear, which will delight until the end of August. The names of these mushrooms:
- boletus;
- flywheels;
- boletus;
- russula;
- boletus;
- aspen mushrooms;
- milk mushrooms and loadings;
- early field workers;
- floats are white.
Some species are found only in this region. These include milkshakes, hygrophors, pink lacquers, lion-yellow spines, curly sparassis and sheep albatrelussa.
The locals know that if the milkmen have gone, then the whites will not have to wait long.
In July, after rain, myceliums quickly gain strength and give rise to the aerial part. Therefore, picking mushrooms at this time is a pleasure. Butterlets, aspen, boletus in this area are found at every step.
Polish and mushrooms appear towards the end of August.
Autumn group
The end of August and the first days of September, in the Bryansk region, are considered the most favorable days for harvesting forest gifts for future use.
The family of summer mushrooms is replaced by autumn individuals:
- white and black milk mushrooms;
- boletus;
- whites;
- mushrooms;
- flywheels;
- milkmen;
- boletus.
Autumn champignons remain unharmed by pests for a long time. Therefore, they are easy to sort out and cook. After full maturation, chanterelles remain marketable for up to 10 days. Mass collection of useful young specimens of boletus and boletus boletus lasts up to 14 days.
Inedible and poisonous mushrooms
Toadstools cause severe poisoning
In the forests, there are also unfit for food:
- fly agaric;
- poor toadstool;
- satanic mushroom;
- gall mushroom;
- False foam;
- red champignon;
- false raincoat;
- the row is poisonous.
Some of them disguise themselves well as their edible counterparts. Therefore, when harvesting, you should pay attention to small details.
Satanic is sometimes confused with porcini mushroom. The difference is in the black dots on the stem and the color of the pulp. White never changes color, even when dried. The gall mushroom has an unpleasant, bitter taste.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
A sweet-looking hat of light olive, intense green or gray color belongs to one of the most poisonous mushrooms not only in Russia, but also in the whole world - the pale toadstool. Unlike edible mushrooms, with which it is often confused (due to inexperience or carelessness), it has a well-visible thickening at the base of the leg, dressed in a kind of pouch - a volva and a ring under the cap. Unfortunately, its toxins are not destroyed during heat treatment. The first signs (the first stage of the clinical picture) of poisoning usually appear somewhere in 6, or even 24 hours after eating the mushrooms. These will be: fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, pain and cramps in the muscles. Then comes the period of the so-called. "Imaginary improvement", when a person feels better outwardly, but toxins continue their work gradually. It lasts within 2-4 days (second stage). After this, the third stage appears, when signs of acute hepatic, renal and heart failure along with jaundice become noticeable, pressure drops sharply and urine flow ceases. The overall mortality rate is over 50%.
The most poisonous is the pale toadstool. It is sometimes confused with honey agarics. The difference lies in the presence of a thin "skirt" on the leg. The ingestion of one poisonous specimen in the finished product can poison everyone who tries such a dish. The toxins are so strong that a simple touch on the toadstool causes symptoms of poisoning and can be fatal.
Where is it better to collect
Every lover of "quiet hunting" has his own hidden places.
- the villages of Domashovo, Kokino and Temenichi, as well as the village of Chaikovichi: almost all edible species grow in them. The mushroom card says that they are the most popular and visited places.
- Sven village: it is better to go there for boletus. Those who want to enjoy this species collect several buckets every year.
You should go to the village of Suponevo for the traditionally large harvest of russula.
- Navlinsky district: famous for the presence of mushroom places with mushrooms and honey agarics. Near the village of Revny there is a good forest area with butter and mushrooms. Mushroom pickers are annually satisfied after visiting these fruitful places.
- suburbs of Bryansk: those who do not want to travel far can pick mushrooms in this area. There are many chanterelles, mushrooms and boletus. They usually grow in groups, so having found one mushroom, you can expect to find others.
- Pogarsky district, near the village of Novonikolsky and the village of Dolbatovo: no one will leave here without a full basket of mushrooms, there are many of them.
- Karachee region, Odrino village: here it will not be difficult to collect a full basket of honey agarics.
- Seltso town: in the pine forests on the side of this settlement, there are many good places with mushrooms and boletus. White grows here.
In Krasnogorsky, Zlynkovsky and Klintsovsky districts it costs nothing to collect. This area suffered from the Chernobyl accident. There is a lot of radioactive cesium in the soil and forest organisms are deadly.
KILLER Mushrooms !!! (from the Bryansk forests)
HIKING BOROVIKA IN BRYANSKY FOREST
Mushrooms 2019. Quiet hunting in the Bryansk region in 2019. Acquaintance with the birch sponge.
Conclusion
The Bryansk region is one of the best for mushroom picking. The region is rich in forests and good soils. The climate is favorable for a good long-term development of myceliums. When going into the forest, it is important to remember about your own safety and take good care of nature, do not break branches, do not pick unique types of flowers or mushrooms, do not light fires, especially during the summer heat.