The Sverdlovsk region is famous for its beautiful mountain and forest landscapes. Nature itself creates favorable conditions for the growth of a wide variety of forest plants, including mushrooms. Mushrooms of the Sverdlovsk region in 2019, as in previous years, delight lovers of quiet hunting with their excellent quality and quantity.
Mushrooms of the Sverdlovsk region in 2019
General description
In the Sverdlovsk region. there are places where mushroom pickers easily pick up several buckets of mushrooms from one glade. Good soil and mixed forests give myceliums the opportunity to bear fruit constantly. Mushrooms in a given area are divided into 4 categories according to the degree of edibility:
- Category 1: edible;
- Category 2: conditionally edible;
- Category 3: inedible;
- Category 4: poisonous.
Edible and conditionally edible are used in food in different ways, because they differ in taste. In addition to the division into categories according to edibility, since the times of the Soviet Union, the division of mushrooms into 4 categories by taste has been preserved and widely used:
- Category 1: include mushrooms with a strong aroma and good taste (porcini, milk mushrooms, mushrooms, volnushki, champignons, oak and poddubniki).
- Category 2: representatives have a weaker aroma, but according to taste data they differ very little from category 1. It includes mushrooms, chanterelles, morels and honey mushrooms, which are often used for pates and snacks.
- Category 3: it is made up of "average" mushrooms, which are often harvested when the best mushrooms are very few or none at all.
- Category 4: include mushrooms with low taste data, which are usually bypassed by mushroom pickers, and only some amateurs collect.
Very often about 3 and 4 categories they say in general that conditionally edible mushrooms occupy the last two taste categories - these are dung beetles, bitters, milkmen, etc. A variety of spices are used to enhance their taste. More often it is salted or pickled, after thorough processing. They are washed in several waters and soaked for 3 to 8 hours to release bitterness and toxins. Then they boil and only after that they start cooking.
Kinds
To avoid unpleasant consequences and not to be poisoned by poisonous mushrooms, it is necessary to know the exact external description of edible and inedible species.
Edible
The first harvest begins in the spring after rains, as soon as the soil warms up enough and the air temperature reaches 15-17 ° C. At this time of year, russula, lump and mushrooms are more common.
Closer to summer, other species grow:
- aspen mushrooms;
- boletus;
- chanterelles;
- mushrooms;
- waves;
- white;
- boletus.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
According to a number of characteristic features, species belonging to the genus Oiler are divided by mycologists into 2 groups:
- Group 1 (typical boletus): characterized by the presence of warts on the stem and the formation of mycorrhiza with pines or some other conifers, excluding larch. Most of the oleagus species are associated by mycorrhiza with two-pine (Scots pine) or five-coniferous (Siberian cedar, Siberian cedar) pines. This included the following types: butterdish yellow, m. Granular, m. White, m. Cedar, m. Siberian, m. Yellowish.
- Group 2 (atypical or atypical boletus): in their appearance, they are more or less different from typical oil. That is why they are sometimes included in other genera. They usually do not have warts on the stem. The yellow-brown oiler and the goat, whose caps are dry in dry weather, but mucous in wet weather, form mycorrhiza with Scots pine. They are also characterized by the absence of a ring on the leg. The other 4 species of this group (larch oilcan, m. Gray, m. Reddish-red, m. Remarkable) form mycorrhiza exclusively with larch.
In late August - early September, the following mushrooms appear on mossy stumps and fallen tree trunks:
- autumn mushrooms;
- goats;
- milk mushrooms;
- valuey;
- aspen trees.
Champignons and white mushrooms continue to grow. The locals collect purple rows already at the first snow.
Poisonous
Mushrooms can cause severe poisoning
Nearby edible mushrooms, their poisonous counterparts or counterparts often grow, which, due to their external similarity, inexperienced mushroom pickers are often confused with the originals. Poisonous and inedible mushrooms of the Sverdlovsk region include:
- death cap;
- fly agaric;
- gall mushroom;
- false froth is sulfur-yellow;
- satanic mushroom;
- yellow-skinned champignon;
- the chanterelle is false.
Gall mushroom, or false (white) boletus, looks like an ordinary boletus, but due to toxins it has an unpleasant bitter taste that cannot be destroyed either by washing or cooking.
In coniferous forests, there is a false chanterelle (orange talker, or kokoshka). Her cap is reddish orange and looks like an inverted cone. The pinkish flesh on the cut distinguishes it from the common chanterelle.
One of the most dangerous mushrooms is satanic, which outwardly hardly differs from white. It bears fruit from June to September and grows in the same places as the real white, but differs in a blue or pinkish cut. Even when dried, the original flesh remains white.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
In order to be sure that you have a porcini mushroom in front of you, and not its dangerous counterpart - a satanic mushroom, you need to know the following important points about it:
- the color of the tubular hymenophore: orange or any shade of red, turns blue when pressed;
- smell: in old mushrooms it resembles the smell of rotten onions;
- pulp: turns blue (turns blue) at the break;
- leg:
- loops forming a surface mesh pattern are more or less rounded;
- the pattern is usually dark red, but can be white or olive;
- the surface is reddish or even carmine red;
Attention! It is better to check the presence of blue on the cut immediately in the forest.
False mushroom and pale toadstool are often confused with summer and autumn mushrooms. Toadstool poisoning is fatal in more than 50% of cases. It is distinguished by a characteristic "skirt" on the leg. The false honeydew has a different color of the cap, which is orange and reddish.
Champignons also have their yellow-skinned counterparts, which are distinguished by a phenolic aroma, unpleasant and strong. On the cut, their pulp changes its color to yellow, which gives out its poisonous origin.
Mushroom places
The map of mushroom places of the region is conventionally divided into 3 zones:
- dry forests;
- damp forests;
- forest-steppe.
The forest-steppe includes:
- the western part of the Nizhneserginsky region;
- the eastern part of Krasnoufimsky, Achitsky and Artinsky districts;
- Kamyshlovsky, Pyshminsky, Talitsky districts;
- the southern part of the Tugulym region and part of the Kamensk region.
This area has many mixed forests, birch groves, fields and steppes with small rivers. There is little moisture, but a lot of light and sun. Therefore, these forest-steppes are famous for porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms, chanterelles and boletus, for which such a climate is ideal.
Dry forests include the following areas:
- Severouralsky, Beloyarsky, including Nizhny Tagil, Lesnoy and Yekaterinburg;
- outskirts of the Verkhotursky, Alapaevsky and Turinsky regions;
- part of Nizhneserginsky, the middle of Irbitsky and the entire Krasnoufimsky district to Tugulym.
All types of Ural mushrooms are collected in this area throughout the season.
Residents of Yekaterinburg gather boletus and white boletus in the direction of Berezovsky. Obscura grow closer to the bog, and mushrooms grow in the forests of Sysert.
In Ilmovka there are many mushrooms, autumn mushrooms and boletus mushrooms. They get to the place by train, which moves towards Druzhinino.
On the northern side of Dvurechensk, there are many mushroom spots in spruce forests, where boletus, mushrooms and redheads grow. After the rain, there are many boletus and boletus boletus in these places. The Tugulym region abounds in mushrooms and whites.
Damp forests are located in the following territories:
- Ivdel, Serovsky, Gagarinsky, Turinsky, Verkhotursky, Slobodo-Turinsky, Krasnouralsky districts;
- the northern part of the Verkhnyaya Salda region.
These places are characterized by rugged swamps and a huge number of mosquitoes. The terrain is extreme, but there are many mushroom spots.
It is better to look for mushrooms near lakes. There is a direct bus to Lake Baltym, and it is easier to get to Shuvakish by train. On the Pervouralsky tract, mushrooms grow at every step, you don't even have to go deep into the thicket. Honey mushrooms and ryadovki grow in this area until frost. Quite good places for gathering in the forest behind the village. Bobrovka and near the town of Revda.
Properties
Mushrooms can replace meat
Mushrooms are unique forest organisms that have many beneficial properties due to their chemical composition.
Benefit
Due to the large amount of proteins, mushrooms are able to replace animal meat. It is especially valuable for vegetarians who do not receive enough animal proteins, which are necessary for the normal functioning of the body.
Low calorie content makes it possible to use this product for obesity.
A huge amount of vitamins, trace elements and amino acids helps in the manufacture of medicines.
Their regular consumption in food is a necessity for diabetics, because mushrooms lower blood sugar levels.
In older people, they help stimulate the brain.
Harm
Dishes with the addition of mushrooms are considered difficult for the stomach, because chitin, which is part of the cell walls of fungi, inhibits the work of the gastrointestinal tract, problems may arise associated with the development of food decay in the gastrointestinal tract. Also, this product is considered allergenic.
Mushrooms absorb all toxins from the environment, so it is important to choose the right environment for collection.
-VELOBAYKER- / Mushroom places near Yekaterinburg
Conclusion
The mushrooms of the Sverdlovsk region are distinguished by their richness and variety of species, as evidenced by the map of mushroom places of this region. They are both edible and poisonous, so we must not forget about the features of both.