Before feeding onions on a feather, carefully read the basic rules and terms for fertilizing. The quality and quantity of greens in a vegetable crop depends on this, since nutrients significantly affect yield.
When is feeding done?
In order for the bulb culture to produce a lot of greenery, it is necessary to feed three times per season. Each fertilizer application has its own characteristics, which you need to rely on:
- Top dressing first activates pen growth. It is carried out after the formation of seedlings, that is, in the spring 14-18 days after planting.
If the vegetable is grown for onions, then nitrogen-containing products purchased in the store (nitrate and the like) are introduced. They can be replaced with urea, fermented slurry or chicken droppings.
When cultivating a culture only for feathers, urea and nitrate are not used, but Nitroammofoska will be required. Nutrients are introduced under the root system. - Second time dressing is needed after 28-30 days, when the head is actively formed. Potassium and phosphorus (potassium salt or monophosphate, superphosphate) are introduced into the soil.
- Third time Nitroammofosk is required, which contributes to the pouring of bulbs. About a month should pass from the previous feeding.
It is important to fertilize the soil in autumn and early spring - even before planting material is planted. For disinfection, copper sulfate (15 g per 10 liters of water) is introduced, to normalize acidity - a mixture of powdered lime, dolomite flour, wood ash and chalk.
Features of feeding onions on a feather
The composition of the soil, the onion variety, affect the type of fertilizer applied, so you need to pay attention to the signs of a lack of certain substances:
Name of useful substance | Deficiency symptoms |
Nitrogen. | The formation of yellow spots, faded feathers, slow growth. |
Potassium. | Necrosis of the tips of greenery. |
Phosphorus. | The presence of spots is brownish in color, slow growth. |
Zinc. | Curl and pen case. |
Copper. | Thinness of greens, pallor of color. |
For fertilizer application to be beneficial, follow simple guidelines:
- If the onions are grown in greenhouse conditions, they will have to be fed with dry mineral fertilizers, which are scattered on the ground near the root and moistened.
- In case of heavy rains, nutrients are introduced not at the root, but at a distance of 10-12 cm from vegetables.
- When preparing solutions, exclusively warm, settled water is used. Some fertilizers require the use of hot liquid for cooking, but you need to water the bed with a cooled solution.
- If several components are mixed, the mixture is infused for 50-60 minutes to fully combine the beneficial components.
- The time for fertilizing is morning or evening, that is, when there is no direct sunlight.
- Make sure that the mixtures do not fall on the green part of the plant, as many fertilizers contribute to the burning of tender leaves. If this happens, immediately rinse the solution with clean water.
- After applying fertilizer on the soil, the remains of the ingredients are noted, which need to be washed with water the next day.
- If you plant onions on sandy soil, increase the frequency of top dressing, but at the same time their concentration should be less.
- Clay earth requires highly concentrated solutions.
- Minerals are applied only to moistened soil.
- When sowing onions in autumn, the soil is fertilized with ash and decayed manure.
- Minerals and organics must alternate among themselves.
- It is forbidden to fertilize in high concentration and too often, since an excess of nutrients harms the vegetation. You can not water the mullein or bird droppings in undiluted form - this will burn the tops of onions.
Organics
Organics are natural fertilizers that are completely safe for humans, animals and vegetation. But it has a significant drawback - the impossibility of accurately determining the presence of an element.
What can be used:
- Humus is characterized by a long and persistent effect. The composition is calculated per 1 sq. Km. m 5 kg overripe composition. Bookmarking is best done in the fall.
- Wood ash contains all the necessary components - sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium. For feeding it is enough to dispel the ashes over the plants, but you can add ash to the water for irrigation.
- To saturate with nitrogen, a mixture of mullein (diluted 1: 3 with water) and chicken droppings (1:15) is used. Then add 10 ml of each mixture to 10 liters of water.
- To breed horse manure in water in proportion: 0.5 kg of manure per bucket of water. Infuse the mixture for 7-8 days, then dilute again (5 l of water - 1 l of slurry).
- Cow manure. Dilute the pure component in an amount of 500 g with water (5 l). Let it brew for a week, after which it is combined with clean warm water in a ratio of 1: 5.
Organic fertilizers are not recommended for pouring under the root, it is better to make them between the rows.
Minerals
The main trace elements for feather growth:
- Potassium normalizes the water balance in greens, increases the concentration of sugar (feathers will not be too bitter and sharp), strengthens the plant's immunity, developing resistance to diseases. The substances used are potassium salt and saltpeter, kalimagnesia, potassium chloride.
- Phosphorus accelerates metabolic processes. Contained in superphosphate, nitroammophos, tomosclack, phosphate rock.
- Nitrogen activates the growth of greenery. Means - urea, ammonium nitrate, ammofosk, ammonium carbonate.
As a mineral fertilizer, potassium salt, nitrate, superphosphate are used. These elements can be bought in powder form and mixed together in the following ratio: 2 tbsp. l superphosphate, 1 tbsp. salts and nitrate. Dilute all this in 10 liters of water. This is a universal recipe, but there are many other mixed products that are equally effective:
- 5 l of standing water will require 2 tbsp. l of the drug Vegeta, the same amount of Effekton-O and 1 t. Agricola.
- For half a bucket of water, take 1 tbsp. ammonium nitrate and potassium salt, 2 tbsp. superphosphate, 1.5 tbsp. ammonia.
- Mix Effekton-O (2 tbsp. L.) With Superphosphate (1 tbsp. L.), Sprinkle aisle.
- Dry mix: sodium chloride - 20 g, ammonium nitrate - 25 g, potassium chlorine - 30 g.
- Ammonia - 3 tbsp. l., ammonium nitrate - 1 tbsp. l., superphosphate - 2 tbsp. l., a solution of potassium permanganate - 1 tbsp. water 2 crystals.
- Baikal EM-1. It is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1000. Helps to reduce the duration of distillation, increase productivity.
Mixed fertilizer
Separately, you can purchase drugs that contribute to the forcing of onions onto a feather, containing simultaneously different trace elements:
- Nitrofoska granular contains nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus compounds. It is used in spring to accelerate the growth of the feather part. Proportions: bucket of water per 40 g of the drug.
- Effekton-O liquid has the same composition as the previous one. To dilute 200 ml of liquid, 10 l of water is required.
- Vegeta contains humates, trace elements. To accelerate the growth of green mass, the product is diluted in water (2 tbsp per liter in a bucket).
- Oxyhumate - a growth stimulator based on amines, acids, humates, etc. Bred strictly in accordance with the instructions.
Folk recipes
Traditional medicine involves the use of improvised materials of natural origin. They have long been popular. What is necessary for a bow on a feather:
- Nettle infusion. Fill the bucket half with grass, pour warm water, let it brew until completely fermented. Then strain and dilute with water in a ratio of 1: 5, pour between rows.
- Prepare any weeds, dandelions, nettles. Finely chop with a knife, put in any container, filling it with grass by 1/3. Fill the rest of the volume with warm water and leave for 3 days to ferment. After this time, add wood ash (for 5 l of solution - 1.5 kg). Before watering, dilute the mixture again with water (1:10).
- Infusion can be made from a mixture of such herbs: clover, chamomile, mustard, nettle. The method of preparation and use is identical to the previous one.
- Yeast feeding consists of microscopic fungi saturated with minerals. Yeast stimulates the growth of greenery and the underground part, so that not only the feather grows, but also the bulb.
Dry or live yeast is used - 10 g or 500 g, - granulated sugar - 5-6 tbsp. l., water warm (not hot) - 10 l. To improve the effect, wood ash is additionally introduced in an amount of 2 glasses. After mixing the components, let it brew for 3 days for fermentation. Before watering, dilute with water in a ratio of 1:10. - Liquid ammonia helps fill the lack of nitrogen. It prevents yellowing of the green mass. On a bucket of water you need 3 tbsp. the drug. If the feathers are already yellow, you need to water the plants every day (morning or evening). Ammonia in addition repels onion flies and other insect pests.
- Complex feeding: heat water (10 l) to a warm temperature, introduce 0.5 kg of the soft part of bread, 500 g of live yeast and the same amount of chopped grass (nettle, weeds, etc.). Let it brew for a couple of days. Dilute with water (1:10) before watering.
Use wood ash more often, as it contains many nutritious compounds, especially potassium. Dilute the ashes with water or pour in the root part in a dry form, but make sure that there is no overabundance of trace elements.
Useful tips gardeners
Be sure to follow agrotechnical requirements. Otherwise, you will not be able to get a lot of greenery.
Other helpful suggestions:
- Fertilize abundantly with nitrogen and phosphate during planting, feather formation, and thinning.
- In the future, nitrogen is required in minimal quantities, so do not overdo it with its introduction.
- Feed the bulbs after watering or rain - this way nutrients are better absorbed by the soil.
- In the fall, yellowing of feathers is considered the norm, so at this time do not fertilize in the form of drugs, but use folk remedies.
- Do not introduce yeast products in unheated soil, because there will be no fermentation process, respectively, and the proper effect. The best period for yeast is summer, the end of spring, the beginning of autumn.
- Fresh manure is contraindicated, since bulbs will not form, and the vegetable will undergo fungal diseases.
- For the growth of feathers, it is most important to introduce organic fertilizers, which negatively affects the growth of the head.
- To avoid diseases, before planting, hold the onions for 15-20 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
- Many summer residents do the first top dressing when soaking planting material. Ammonium nitrate is added to the water (1 part of the product is added to a bucket of water). Hold for 15 minutes.
- You can disinfect the bulbs for planting with Ellin Extra.
- Do not water the soil, as the feathers will be too watery and tasteless, and the head will rot. It is possible to water abundantly only until July. At the same time, the frequency and quantity of watering should be reduced gradually.
Growing onions on a feather, feed correctly, taking into account the requirements and recommendations. If you purchase mixed complex preparations, carefully study the instructions - the same tool cannot be used in the same dosage for different types of soil.
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Russia. City: Zheleznogorsk
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