Today, there are a large number of varieties of wheat. They are divided by type: winter and spring, soft and hard, differ in terms and conditions of ripening. Their lists do not cease to be replenished with new developments of breeders. You can familiarize yourself with common varieties in more detail in this article.
Winter
Winter wheat varieties are less sensitive to cold. They are recommended to be sown in early September and until the end of October. As a rule, they show high productivity.
The soil for plants should be nutritious and contain potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen.
Consider the most popular varieties.
Antonovka
Variety Description:
- plant height does not exceed 95 cm;
- has spikelets of white color, without signs of pubescence;
- adapts to different weather conditions;
- resistant to droughts and many common diseases.
The ripening period is relatively short - 280 days.
Bezenchukskaya
Pay attention to:
- weight, which for 1000 seeds can reach about 45 g;
- grains of a pleasant amber shade;
- dense spike in structure;
- resistance to many common diseases.
Harvesting begins 320 days after sowing.
Lennox
It has such qualities:
- the spike is small, its length rarely exceeds 20 cm;
- in 1 ear you can find up to 200 grains;
- resistant to many diseases;
- productivity reaches 90 kg / ha.
It fully ripens within 300 days.
Podolyanka
Specifications:
- the length of plants can reach 1 m;
- the grains are egg-shaped;
- the fruit contains a large amount of fiber;
- resistant to drought;
- can produce about 60 c / ha of crop.
The ripening period is, on average, 310 days.
Tanya
Allocate parameters:
- 1000 grains can weigh up to 45 g;
- has high nutritional value;
- not prone to shedding;
- differs in good resistance to adverse external conditions and many diseases.
Matures within 300 days.
Spring
Varieties of spring wheat are usually sown in early spring. For their cultivation does not require special tillage. They are more sensitive to weather conditions and ripen better in warm climates.
Spring wheat varieties ripen 2 times faster than winter ones. Read more about spring wheat cultivation here.
Iren
The characteristics of plants are distinguished:
- the grains are large, the mass of 1000 pieces can be 40 g;
- has high nutritional value;
- the fruits contain a lot of protein and fiber, they are also rich in vitamins;
- Usually used for baking.
Fruiting varieties begins 90 days after sowing.
Novosibirsk 31
Grade traits:
- the weight of 1000 grains is approximately 35 g;
- has high nutritional value;
- resistant to many known diseases;
- the yield is small, about 36 c / ha.
Ripening occurs in the period up to 100 days.
Saratov 7
Describe the following parameters:
- spike white, boneless;
- grains have a delicate white color;
- the yield is about 45 c / ha;
- resistant to many diseases.
Harvest can be obtained 90 days after sowing.
Uralosibirskaya
Key Features:
- plants are tall, can exceed 1 m;
- 1000 grains can weigh 40 g;
- the maximum yield of the variety reaches 50 c / ha;
- resistant to many common diseases.
It ripens for about 85 days.
Kharkov 46
You can pay attention to:
- an ear that has a rich red color;
- white grains;
- high nutritional value and widespread prevalence in the baking business;
- moderate disease resistance.
Wheat ripening period can be 85 days.
Soft
The spike in soft varieties is shorter and thinner than in hard ones. The fruits contain more fiber, as well as vitamins E and D. The dough from flour of this variety is more friable and less elastic. Therefore, wheat is used for the manufacture of confectionery.
Calorie content of soft and durum wheat is approximately the same - 305 Kcal.
Soft grades include.
Elias
Variety Description:
- plant height does not exceed 1 m;
- beardless spike;
- not subject to lodging;
- productivity is 75 kg / ha;
- resistant to cold temperatures.
Fruiting begins 200 days after sowing.
Lars
You should pay attention to:
- weight of 1000 grains, which can reach 50 g;
- high protein content;
- resistance to frost;
- good productivity, which exceeds 70 kg / ha.
To ripen wheat, you must wait about 320 days.
Favorite
The following features are known:
- the fruit may contain about 35% fiber;
- resistant to severe frost;
- does not withstand drought and requires timely watering;
- productivity is 90 kg / ha.
Ripening occurs over 280 days.
Shestopalovka
Characteristics of this variety:
- plant height rarely exceeds 90 cm;
- spikelets have a pale green color;
- not prone to lodging and shedding;
- You can get up to 80 kg / ha of crop.
The ripening period of the variety, on average, is 285 days.
Solid
Durum wheat varieties contain many useful substances and minerals. If you pay attention to the structure of the grains, you will notice that they are more rigid. They are less saturated with starch than soft, which allows products to better maintain their structure.
Durum wheat is used to make premium pasta and bread.
The following varieties can be distinguished.
Melanopus 26
Variety parameters include:
- oval shape of grains;
- lack of susceptibility to shedding;
- ability to grow in conditions of drought;
- disease resistance.
Wait 290 days before harvesting.
Moscow 39
Highlight qualities:
- plant height rarely exceeds 1 m;
- the weight of 1000 grains may be equal to 40 g;
- high protein content;
- resistant to drought and lodging;
- productivity is 50 kg / ha.
The variety sings in 300 days.
Reno
Known Features:
- plant height exceeds 1 m;
- not prone to shedding;
- hardy to adverse weather conditions;
- resistant to the most common diseases.
Ripening occurs over 280 days.
Chicago
Features of this variety:
- grains are large, their mass can reach 50 g (1000 pcs.);
- does not lose qualities during 8 years of sowing;
- not prone to shedding;
- resistant to a large number of diseases.
Full ripening requires at least 300 days.
For the northern regions
For growth in harsh winters and short summers, an important characteristic is frost resistance of wheat. In the northern regions, the following varieties are offered to be grown.
Vasilina
The described features:
- mass of 1000 grains - 40 g;
- plant height is 90 cm;
- winter hardiness is estimated at 9 points;
- productivity is 90 kg / ha.
Ripens for the period up to 300 days.
Harus
Grade qualities:
- the weight of 1000 grains is approximately 45 g;
- plant height does not exceed 90 cm;
- winter hardiness is quite high and reaches 8 points;
- the yield is about 80 kg / ha.
He sings for 300 days.
For the climate of the middle zone and the West European region
Under the climate of the middle zone, both winter and spring wheat develops well. The following grades have good indicators.
Galina
Signs:
- plant height does not exceed 90 cm;
- has a high protein content;
- resistant to droughts and lodging;
- productivity is 70 kg / ha.
Fruiting begins no less than 290 days after sowing.
Tarasovskaya spinous
Specifications:
- the weight of 1000 grains is about 35 g;
- It is high in gluten;
- the variety is resistant to severe droughts and many known diseases;
- productivity - about 90 kg / ha.
The average ripening time of a variety is 280 days.
Child
It differs in such characteristics:
- grows to a height of 85-100 cm;
- grain size is average;
- the spike is easily ground;
- tolerance to common diseases;
- resistant to lodging.
The growing season lasts 100-110 days.
Fodder
Fodder, as a rule, is called any wheat that has a low nutritional value (quality class 5, 6). After its processing, fodder is obtained, which goes to livestock feed.
Features of feed wheat are:
- high protein content (about 15%);
- a large number of vitamins B and E;
- humidity rarely exceeds 15%;
- during processing, wheat is dried without fail;
- has a low cost.
If the percentage of cellulose is high, then it goes to cattle feed, with a low wheat content, birds are fed.
Breeding News
Among the wheat varieties that have been bred relatively recently, the following can be distinguished.
Marquise
The main parameters of the variety:
- plant height reaches 1 m;
- grains have a reddish tint;
- not prone to lodging and shedding;
- medium resistant to common diseases;
- productivity is 70 kg / ha.
Matures for 300 days.
Nordica
Among the qualities of wheat:
- weight of 1000 grains - 50 g;
- stems 90 cm high;
- has high resistance to low temperatures;
- the average yield is 55 c / ha.
Ripening occurs over 270 days.
Rhea
Variety characteristics:
- weight is 40 g for 1000 grains;
- the stem does not exceed 80 cm;
- high resistance to frost;
- resistance to common diseases;
- productivity is 50 kg / ha.
From sowing to harvest, wait 270 days.
When choosing a suitable wheat variety, one must pay attention to the characteristics that are characteristic of it. It is necessary to evaluate the yield, resistance to diseases and various climatic conditions, as well as the maturity. Only with this approach, you can choose a wheat variety that will give a good harvest.
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