Chickpea is a widespread, high-quality bean crop. Growing it has become popular due to the fact that the plant is very resistant to drought and disease, and the seeds are in high demand. Read more about what varieties are and how they differ from each other - later in the article.
Groups
There are 3 groups of chickpeas that differ in appearance:
- South european - lush bushes, composed of many branches and reach a height of 70 cm. Most of the branches at the top of the plant. The flowers are small.
- Mid european - the bushes are smaller (their height is not more than 45 cm), but wide, they also consist of many branches and are densely covered with flowers.
- Anatolian - the height of the bushes reaches only 25 cm. The top of the plant is branched, white flowers.
Varieties
In our country, only 4 varieties of chickpeas are common.
Krasnokutsky 195
The bush is branched, erect. Blossoms - white, has a short peduncle. The distance from the lowest beans to the ground is 15-20 cm. It contains more protein than all other varieties. Beans are yellow-pink, wrinkled. 1 bean contains 1-2 seeds. Resistant to disease, drought and cracking of beans.
Main characteristics:
Bush height, cm | Weight 1000 seeds, g | Vegetation period, days | The protein content,% | Productivity, kg per 10 square meters. m |
30-40 | 250 | 90-115 | 30 | 2,6 — 3,5 |
They begin to plant the variety in late April-early May according to this scheme:
- with ordinary sowing - between rows the distance is 30-40 cm;
- with tape - 50 cm;
- with a lowercase - a distance of 20 cm.
It is important to observe the correct landing depth:
- if the soil is well moistened, then the seeds are placed to a depth of 7-8 cm;
- if it’s bad, then it’s 9-10 cm.
Anniversary
The bush is low, upright, the flowers are white, the peduncle is short. Beans are yellow-pink, wrinkled, contain 1-2 seeds in 1 bean.
The plant is relatively resistant to disease. It tolerates drought, beans are resistant to cracking.
Main characteristics:
Bush height, cm | Weight 1000 seeds, g | Vegetation period, days | The protein content,% | Productivity, kg per 10 square meters. m |
Up to 45 | 250-300 | 90-100 | 25-27 | 1,5-3,0 |
When landing, adhere to the scheme:
- 35-45 cm distance between rows;
- 50 cm between the tapes (with tape sowing).
Sowing is carried out in early May, the depth depends on the climatic conditions of the area:
- with frequent rains - 6-7 cm;
- in arid areas - 8-9 cm.
Bujak
The bush is tall, branched, the leaves are oblong, wide, the flowers are large, white, the peduncle is small. The lower beans are 20 cm from the ground. Beans are elongated beige. One bean contains 1-2 seeds.
The plant tolerates drought well. It is resistant to diseases such as ascochitosis and fusarium. It has the shortest growing season among other varieties of chickpeas.
Main characteristics:
Bush height, cm | Weight 1000 seeds, g | Vegetation period, days | The protein content,% | Productivity, kg per 10 square meters. m |
60-65 | 420 | 80-90 | 27 | 1,8-2,0 |
Landing is made at the end of April.
The scheme and depth of sowing:
- ordinary sowing - 35-45 cm between rows;
- tape sowing - 50 cm between the tapes;
- in arid areas, the sowing depth should be 8-9 cm;
- with well-moistened soil, the sowing depth is 6-7 cm.
State farm
The bush is thick, low, the flowers are white, single, small in size, the peduncle is short. The beans are brown, angular in shape: the opposite side to the nose narrows. Each bean develops 1-2 seeds.
The plant has good resistance to drought, cracking of beans and a disease such as ascochitosis.
This variety contains the lowest percentage of protein. Productivity is not stable.
Main characteristics:
Bush height, cm | Weight 1000 seeds, g | Vegetation period, days | The protein content,% | Productivity, kg per 10 square meters. m |
Up to 30 | 260-290 | 100-105 | 22-24 | 1,8-3,8 |
Sowing in the soil is carried out in April-May.
Features of planting and growing:
- sowing pattern: 30-40 cm between rows, 50 cm between ribbons, 20 cm between rows;
- planting depth: 6-8 cm with good soil moisture, 9-10 with weak.
Difficulties in growing
The main thing in growing all varieties of chickpeas is to thoroughly clean the site of weeds and their rhizomes. Otherwise, not only the external qualities of chickpeas suffer, but also the taste.
The problem is that none of the herbicides that are used for other legumes are suitable for chickpeas. All of them lead to the complete destruction of the crop. In addition, he reacts poorly even to the residual effect of certain preparations (for example, with the active substance Metsulfuron-methyl), which were used in the cultivation of previous crops.
In order for the chickpea crop not to be affected by weeds, use the following methods:
- Such fields are selected where weeds were taken even at the stage of growing previous plants, using long-acting herbicides that do not harm chickpeas.
- If perennial weeds are present, they are removed in the autumn period, immediately after harvesting the previous crop using methods such as cultivation, disking, and also treating the field with glyphosate.
- Harrowing is carried out - this is the most effective way, when it is used in dry areas, herbicides can be completely abandoned. The first time it is done before the first shoots - on 4-5 days after sowing. The next time - when the seedlings will be about 6 cm high, and then again in a week.
Sometimes after rains, in the second half of the growing season, weeds grow again among chickpeas. In this case, desiccants are treated to remove them.
Such a bean crop like chickpeas grows well in warm, arid areas, without requiring special conditions. The only difficulty is the removal of weeds, but this problem can also be easily solved by raising the crop culture. Knowing the specific rules for planting the chosen variety of chickpeas and caring for them, you can easily get a good, generous crop.